Will be said that it lead the Portuguese democratic revolution, initiate in 25 of April of 1974, to the side of the civil war, as if, in the other side, blows and rifles for the civil war were not added.
In a similar way the revolution of the captains is celebrated, but forget the fight guerrilla in Angola, later Moçambique and the Guiné, that consumed the dissident general Armed Forces and made emerge young rebels’ officers.
And forget it spontaneous popular wave that spread over the country, raising secular and new claims of freedom, bread, peace, health and habitation. Undecided had been, then, the small farmers, who the revolutions liberal and republican had promised instruction and progress, but they had not significantly reached them on their hard work in successive waves of emigration.
The strategy of Alvaro Cunhal PCP, in 1964, foreseeing a national survey against the fascism and the possibility to restore a democratic system, promotive of the decolonization and peace, (that it would not be only the end of the war in Africa) and national independence. It also published, for this height, its criticque to the left’s intellectuals and extremists whose share politics called "radicalism small bourgeois socialist façade", treating them even so as allied social class in the alliances systems being able for the Democratic and National Revolution.
Today, almost that's were criticized are where it foresaw that they go: in the limit, they write its not authorized bibliography as the final blow, without mercy, against the charismatic leader or claimed the revolutionary word, in the security of the magazines, mass media, or in the parliament.
There was the poor persons of the counryside that had left Cunhal and PCP isolated in height of revolution in 1975, because his appeal to no more a soldier embarked for the war and the appellation to soldiers came home, who approach them to the left, already had been materialize and, in the other side, with them came back a half of million of "returned", of its proper families, life destroyed for the decolonisation confrontations. But, over all, because already they were not the wage-earning tenants and rural hard- works of years 60, dreaming with the land that generations of peasants had cultivated for noblemen and bourgeois, they bought the land, transferring Marks and Francs, Frenchmen or Belgians, to the banks and the empty accounts of the landlord absentees, traders and constructors, and becoming, they also, small proprietors, one hundred and fifty years after the European democratic revolutions and some years before the democratic revolution in Portugal, that would leave the PCP without allies in the North and the Centre of the country.
It also necessary remember that first critique to the politic line of the Alvaro Cunhal Communist Party, already came from the proper international communist movement, denouncing the degeneration of the URSS in a imperialist and policeman sate, putting in command in the international relations own interesting.
In that point of view and critical vision, it was over all Angola that interested the great Russian power, later Moçambique, rich in resources and strategically placed in the coasts of the Rodésia and Africa of the South, in that time height fortress of apartheid and dominating the maritime routes between the Atlantic and the Pacific.
PCP directed for Alvaro Cunhal resists against fascism in the Unions, uses to advantage electoral humbugs and all the structures where can make people's contact; also carried some shares of sabotage against colonial war machine, wereaver not been intensified, but without never praising the terrorism and also without never appealing to the defection, preferring the work politician with the mobilized young soldiers and officers.
Not defending the tactical proceeding of the refusal gone to the war and face to face to the politics of great power of the URSS, he lost supports between the young people and opened field’s manoeuvre to the radicals that wanted to neutralize.
In course democratic revolution of 1974/75, the resolutions written for Álvaro Cunhal abandoned the "dictatorship of the proletariat" changed by the Socialism, while, paradoxically, all "the bourgeois" parties adhered to the socialism: democratic, personalised or christian.
Fulfilled democratic and national revolution stage, with the way opened for the decolonization and decrees of the advice of the Revolution Council (March of 1975, in the sequence of a military aborted right blow) when the main companies, banks and insurances had nationalized, with the great farms occupied and later distributed by the Cooperatives and Collective Units of Production, through the institutionalization of the Agrarian Reformation in the large lands of Alentejo, the experienced communist leader, has proclaimed next advance step for the Socialism, built in People-MFA_Movement of the Armed Forces alliance, but admitting pluralism parties and politician, the conservation of the private property until the levels of the "small and average bourgeoisies" and, also, the continuity in NATO at the time of fierce "Cold War".
The proletarians, intellectuals and military vanguards make a mistake concerning the irreversible march to the socialism.
In the last military convulsion of the democratic revolution, in November of 1975, already the URSS, in opened fight whit U.S.A., made conditions to include the old Portuguese colonies in its orbit influence, and the PCP and revolutionary Portugal, stigmatized as the "Cuba of the Europe", were deliver itself destiny, under intense pressure of the occidental states, determinate to intervened by all means. The military units influenced by the communists, had not marched to the confrontation and the civil war. The political right extreme already did not have military force and its terrorism was condemned to the isolation, such as left terror. The way to contain the revolutionary conquests and advances would be made at the electoral politics fight.
When, in the 80’ decade, the euro communism changed nature of the old European communist parties and the socialist, encouraged by Jacques Delors, had incorporated into own European politics the liberal thesis.
When, in the 90 years, the East Block break down and also the Soviet Union.
It seemed that historical law of the revolutions defeated and bloodless, will be accomplish wasting there apostles and best soon, until the last.
But they have no reason the left radicals opinion that classified the PCP as a "right party, revisionist and pro-social-imperialism", key words of the revolutionary phraseology, heralds who had been of the "true socialism" and now of politically correct "new left".
The PCP and Álvaro Cunhal continued its own way and broken, finally, there international strategically reference. It's true, they paid the price of forty years of left disagreements and a democratic revolution that risked its conquests in favour of decolonization lined up with the interests of the Great Russian power.
And Álvaro Cunhal, the leader of antifascist fight and partisan of socialist cause, it was a winner or a loser face to face the judgment of History? The revolutionary who wrote the program, that wanted scientific and was premonitory, of the popular and national survey against the fascism and colonialism, to the instauration of a democratic and plural system, with decolonization and independence, saw to win its strategically aim, with the outcome of the 1974/75 revolution. But, the "scientific socialism and the communism", "the bread and roses word" that's Marx spoken, always proclaimed like your political ideal, they did not reach in there entire life, on the contrary, he was witness of pulling down of the first Soviet state. But when was time or place, when he said or wrote, that the fruition of his dream it was her motivation?
António Carvalho
Pubishe in 2005 in the portuguese journal "Público"
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